Oil Pollution from Ships: Causes, Effects, and Prevention

Oil pollution from ships is a significant environmental threat, primarily caused by oil spills, operational discharges, and accidental leaks. Such pollution affects marine ecosystems, coastal communities, and industries relying on […]

Shipboard Oil Pollution Emergency Plan (SOPEP)

The Shipboard Oil Pollution Emergency Plan (SOPEP) is a mandatory document required under MARPOL Annex I, designed to guide ship crews in preventing, controlling, and responding to oil spills. It […]