The maritime industry is a vital sector, ensuring the seamless transport of goods and people across the globe. At its core are the seafarers, categorized broadly into officers and non-officers. This article delves into the ranks, roles, and responsibilities of ship ratings (non-officer crew members), exploring how to join the profession, earning potential, lifestyle, market demand, and other essential aspects.
Understanding Ship Ratings
Ship ratings, also known as crew members or non-officers, are essential to the smooth operation of a vessel. They work under the supervision of officers and are responsible for executing various tasks that ensure the ship’s functionality, safety, and cleanliness.
Ship ratings are typically categorized into three main groups: Deck Ratings, Engine Room Ratings, and Catering Ratings. Deck ratings, such as the Bosun, Able Seaman (AB), and Ordinary Seaman (OS), are responsible for tasks like ship maintenance, mooring, and watchkeeping. Engine room ratings, including Motorman, Oiler, and Wiper, focus on machinery operation and maintenance. Catering ratings, such as the Chief Cook and Steward, manage food preparation, galley cleanliness, and crew welfare.
Source: www.marineinsight.com
Responsibilities of Ship Ratings
Each category of ship rating carries distinct responsibilities:
- Deck Ratings are involved in maintaining the deck, assisting with cargo operations, handling mooring/unmooring, and ensuring the ship’s external structure is in good condition. They also play a critical role in safety drills and emergency procedures.
- Engine Room Ratings maintain and monitor machinery, assist engineers with repairs, and ensure the engine room remains clean and operational.
- Catering Ratings manage meal preparation, maintain hygiene in living quarters, and handle food and water provisions.
Their combined efforts are crucial for the vessel’s efficiency, safety, and the crew’s well-being.
How to Become a Ship Rating & Certificates Required for Ship Ratings
Becoming a ship rating does not require a college degree but does demand specific qualifications. Candidates must generally be at least 18 years old, have a high school diploma, and pass a medical fitness examination. A basic understanding of maritime English is also essential. Ratings are required to undergo specific training and obtain certifications under the STCW (Standards of Training, Certification, and Watchkeeping) Convention, depending on their role. These certifications include:
- Basic Safety Training (BST): This is mandatory for all seafarers, including ship ratings, and covers:
- Fire prevention and firefighting.
- Personal survival techniques.
- Elementary first aid.
- Personal safety and social responsibilities.
- Watchkeeping Certificates (for specific roles):
- Deck Ratings involved in navigation watchkeeping (such as Able Seaman) require an STCW Watchkeeping Certificate for seafarers working on navigational watch.
- Engine Ratings engaged in engineering watch require an STCW Watchkeeping Certificate for engine room duties.
- Specialized Endorsements (if applicable):
- For ratings on tankers, additional training for tanker operations (oil, chemical, or LNG) is required.
- For catering roles, health and safety certifications may be needed, particularly related to food hygiene.
- Proficiency in Survival Craft and Rescue Boats (PSCRB):
- Required for ratings who might be involved in launching or operating lifeboats and rescue boats.
- Seafarer’s Medical Certificate:
- A valid medical certificate is mandatory to ensure fitness for work at sea.
While ship ratings do not require a Certificate of Competency (CoC)—which is essential for officers—they must obtain the relevant STCW certificates that enable them to perform their duties safely and competently. These certifications ensure compliance with international maritime safety standards and allow ratings to work on various types of vessels. New entrants usually start as cadets or trainees, gaining practical knowledge under the supervision of experienced crew members. This apprenticeship phase is critical for acquiring real-world skills and preparing for more advanced responsibilities.
Job Income
The income for ship ratings varies based on role, experience, and type of vessel. Entry-level roles such as Ordinary Seaman (OS) earn approximately $800–$1,500 per month. Experienced roles like Able Seaman (AB) and Motorman can earn between $1,200 and $4,000 monthly, depending on the complexity of operations and additional certifications required. Catering roles, such as Chief Cook, earn around $1,200–$3,500 monthly. Specialized vessels like tankers or LNG carriers often offer higher salaries.
Ship ratings’ salaries in 2024 vary based on role, experience, vessel type, and employer. Here’s an overview:
Ordinary Seaman (OS): Entry-level positions typically earn between $800 and $1,500 per month.
Able Seaman (AB): Salaries range from $1,200 to $4,000 monthly, influenced by experience and vessel type.
Motorman: Earnings are comparable to ABs, generally between $1,200 and $4,000 per month.
Catering Roles: Chief Cooks and similar positions earn approximately $1,200 to $3,500 monthly.
Specialized Vessels: Tankers, LNG carriers, and other specialized ships often offer higher salaries due to the complexity and risks involved.
Factors Influencing Salaries:
- Experience and Certifications: Advanced certifications and extensive experience can lead to higher pay.
- Vessel Type: Specialized vessels may offer premium wages.
- Employer Policies: Salaries can vary significantly between companies.
For instance, a 2024 survey by Danica Crewing Specialists indicates that seafarer salaries have continued to rise, with some ranks experiencing up to a 10% increase compared to 2023.
Additionally, the International Labour Organization (ILO) has set the minimum monthly basic wage for able seafarers at $666 as of January 1, 2024.
It’s important to note that these figures are approximate and can vary based on individual circumstances and market conditions.
Lifestyle and Working Conditions
The lifestyle of ship ratings is a mix of challenges and rewards. They typically work on rotational schedules, such as six months onboard followed by two or three months of leave. Work hours are organized into shifts or “watches,” ensuring round-the-clock operations.
Living conditions onboard have improved over the years. Ratings are usually provided with shared cabins, meals, and recreational facilities like gyms or common rooms on larger vessels. However, the profession demands resilience, as seafarers face long periods away from family, harsh weather conditions, and physically demanding tasks.
Market Needs and Future Prospects
The demand for skilled ship ratings remains steady, driven by the growth of global trade. Certain sectors, such as tanker and LNG shipping, offshore oil and gas operations, and luxury cruise liners, are experiencing particularly high demand. As automation and digitalization reshape the maritime industry, ratings must adapt by upskilling in areas such as advanced machinery operation and digital systems. This ensures their continued relevance in an evolving sector.
Advantages and Challenges
Being a ship rating offers unique opportunities, such as global travel, exposure to diverse cultures, and the chance for career progression. With additional training and certifications, many ratings can transition to officer roles.
However, the profession also comes with challenges, including isolation due to long sea voyages, physically demanding tasks, and the struggle to maintain work-life balance. Adapting to these challenges is crucial for a successful career in the maritime industry.
Ship ratings are indispensable to the maritime industry, contributing to a vessel’s operation, safety, and maintenance. While the career offers global travel and growth opportunities, it also requires resilience and adaptability to meet its physical and emotional demands. With the right training, certifications, and mindset, becoming a ship rating can be a fulfilling career path that supports the backbone of global trade.