The application of sensor technologies is rapidly advancing, leading to technological and regulatory challenges. The development of low-cost computing elements will create opportunities for wireless sensor technology and new micro- and nanomechanical sensors, revolutionizing environmental monitoring and data collection. Automation of shipping is relatively straightforward in charting compared to traffic or aviation, with many ports relying on remote control or autonomous docking systems like SmartDock. Remote sensing will enable data to be collected autonomously through a network of sensors with specific characteristics, including self-calibration, fault tolerance, high transmission capabilities, wireless capabilities, environmentally friendly materials, robustness, ultra-low energy consumption, miniaturization, and the ability to provide active behavior and work on network modules. Equipment onboard will be able to monitor, manage, and control its status, warning operators when maintenance is required or circulating liquids are running low.
