Sanctions as a Structural Force in the Global Economy Over the past decade, U.S. sanctions have evolved from a targeted foreign-policy instrument into a systemic force shaping global trade, energy […]
The Persian Gulf, Strait of Hormuz, and Gulf of Oman form the most critical maritime energy corridor in the world. Roughly one-fifth of globally traded crude oil and a significant […]
Explore Iran’s geography, maritime history, economy, and regional role in global trade. A detailed, humanised guide for students, professionals, and researchers. Iran is a country that often appears in headlines, […]
Explore the history behind the name “Hormuz” in the Strait of Hormuz. Learn its ancient origins, empires, trade routes, myths, and the evolution of its strategic importance. The Strait of […]
The modern global economy is built on petroleum not only as fuel, but also as chemistry. From jet fuel to plastic components, fertilizers to solvent bases, polyester to pharmaceuticals, the […]
The Strait of Hormuz is the world’s most critical energy corridor. If it were shut down for one month due to a major regional war, the economic and political shockwaves […]
Stretching from the shallow, coral-rich Persian Gulf to the deeper, nutrient-flowing Oman Sea, the region’s waters have supported human life for millennia. Fishing is not merely an industry here—it is […]
LONDON, (CAIS) — Is the Persian Gulf the Cradle of Civilisation or Just another pre-historic culture? Dr Jeffrey Rose, archaeologist and a Research Fellow at the Institute of Archaeology and Antiquity, […]
Seasonal and permanent rivers feeding the Persian Gulf and Oman Sea are drying. Declining freshwater flow raises salinity, harms fisheries, erodes coasts, and alters marine ecosystems. Unlike regions with wide […]
From the 1991 Persian Gulf War oil spill to chronic tanker leaks and desalination brine, here are the 12 most damaging pollution events in the Persian Gulf’s fragile history. The […]
